屁格·潘

November 11, 2009

纪念

Filed under: 未分类 — 小潘 @ 6:03 am
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9号是柏林墙倒掉的20周年纪念。

我德语基本不会,是配合着google翻译写的。每一个死去的人都有故事。也纪念一下吧

他们死于柏林墙

柏林墙纪念博物馆和波茨坦当代史史研究中心四年的研究结果显示,至少136人在柏林墙遇难.

84人和第85

克里斯特尔·维哈日和埃克哈特·维哈日是一对年轻夫妇,197022岁的埃克哈特是一名海军士兵,24岁的克里斯特尔是当地医院的一名精神治疗医师。几年来这对年轻夫妇一直在为能在一个城市工作,拥有一间他俩同住的公寓奔忙得筋疲力尽。社会主义国家虽然保证了人人享有工作和住房的权利,但也导致人们无法自由选择自己的工作岗位和地点,类似住房一类的消费品也只能通过漫长的等待和工作级别的提升才有可能排到。这一年他们终于对漫长的公寓分配等待失去耐心,“必须有两个孩子才有机会分到我们期望的公寓,可是在现有的居住条件下,我们根本负担不起孩子。”在给父母的遗书中,埃克哈特写道,“我们只想过我们自己喜欢的生活如果我们失败了,那么克里斯特尔和我将结束生命死亡是我们最好的结局。”

二人计划劫持飞机逃出东德。然而飞行员和乘务员成功的瓦解了他们的计划,当年轻夫妇发现飞机没有飞往西德而是停落在起飞的机场时,两人知道逃跑计划已经失败,用劫机的手枪饮弹自尽。维哈日夫妇的两对父母被史塔西告知不可以对外人透露克里斯特尔·维哈日埃克哈特的真正死因,死亡的原因是夫妻俩在开公司的车去罗斯托克看公寓的路上撞上路边一棵树,发生严重车祸。

阻止劫机成功的机组人员则受到政府的嘉奖。飞行员得到了一个立体声收音机,副飞行员得到一个录音机,修理工收到毛毯,而乘务员则收到一台缝纫机。

99

1972年十月30中午,8岁的土耳其少年岑格维尔和同伴在十字山附近的施普雷河岸边玩耍。当他们在岸边喂鹅时,aver岑格维尔突然失去平衡跌入深秋冰冷的水中。整个施普雷河水域都属于东柏林,救这个孩子意味着要冒着触犯边境的危险。西柏林的官员、警察、消防队员很快到达河边,两名潜水员在岸边等待允许下水的许可。尽是徒然。

130分左右,一艘东柏林的水上警察艇朝事故现场,也就是施普雷河的西岸附近驶来。西岸边上已经聚集了几百名西柏林人,他们朝警艇呼救,希望它能提速行驶。然而,加速的警艇立即被东柏林边境拦截:警艇不但超速,也已经进入需要有特别许可才可进入的禁区施普雷河的左侧。站在施普雷河西岸上的市民体验着愤怒、耻辱和无能为力的混合体。

230分,东柏林出动救生船,开始救援。半小时后潜水员在施普雷河的西岸附近找到已经溺死的孩子。西岸边的担架已经准备好,但潜水员没有游向两米外的担架,而是带着孩子游回东柏林的救生艇。这是因为,一旦潜水员抵达西岸或者跟西岸有接触,他将有可能被认为是叛逃者。

当晚岑格维尔的母亲和两位亲属获得进入东柏林的许可,他们被允许去认领岑格维尔。8岁男孩儿的死亡促使西柏林与东柏林签订关于类似事故发生的救助协议。然而,直到1975年,在另外三名儿童因发生类似的状况而溺死后,详尽的执行方案才得以实施。

November 8, 2009

Filed under: 未分类 — 小潘 @ 6:20 pm

您如果只能看到本博的上半身,也就是到11月5号垃圾焚烧笔记(3)的头一句话为止,可以在本文后留言,不知您是否恰巧在国内,又恰巧用IE上网?我很久没用rss订阅,不知用rss阅读也是这样吗?

我一直用firefox+tor 做主浏览器,一直都没发现。今天被提醒才注意到,IE打开只显示上半部分。

看来讨论垃圾也是有碍观瞻,主动帮我搞卫生了啊

还没想到怎么解决,先放着等等。

—————

还有关于讨论的垃圾问题,看到说又被禁止报道了。挣府能不能来点高智慧含量的游戏模式啊。。。

那么,目前跟垃圾焚烧是好还是坏都没多大关系,不管这个技术成不成立,对城市有没有好处,问题不在这里。又回到了基本政治权利的问题。不是“因为这项技术会对我们有害,所以我们反对”,而是在于“因为这个项目没有依法依程序经过我们居民的参与,它不合程序,所以我们反对”,即使技术是好的,我们也有权反对。

这和台湾现在的情况又不太相同。

也许要看的,一个是看中国历史上的经验传统,一个是看东欧、台湾20年前的情况,也许会有些帮助,不过可能差别还是很大,离借鉴和参考差得也很远。

不知道有没有什么高超的技巧、智慧和对策应对。

November 6, 2009

垃圾焚烧笔记(3)续

Filed under: 未分类 — 小潘 @ 6:43 am

我非常不喜欢不公平、不正义的事,但也非常不喜欢以“高尚”的目的之名掩盖甚至信意涂抹理性、真实、科学、逻辑等等,后者近似某种洁癖,也许过于钻牛角尖。

这也是为什么我对任何环保组织和环保运动或者任何社会运动都保持距离冷眼观察,虽然我知道他们做的事在一个社会中非常重要,也跟governance有关,跟institution有关。我几乎从来不是一个头脑中的理性能战胜感性的人,但在这些方面,却相反,情感只能介于理性的研究和思考这一途径传递甚至说压抑,发泄和浪漫的部分在20岁前已被我扼杀。

我怀疑我是否有所谓的全局观,可是媒体是一定要为民请命还是要报道真实和问题的更多层面,去做一个contextulization的过程?

我看了《南方周末》最新的一组垃圾焚烧相关的报道。我想我欠缺的还是张大春和长平看问题的那个角度,过于着迷于“垃圾焚烧”这个局部问题的拼图,而对于它反映的更广泛的社会政治现象缺乏重视,虽然还没到漠视的程度。

不过在社会问题的科学技术部分,我都无法预设立场。在这个立场上,我还真是土摩托,并不觉着有什么不对。想了想,其实在任何问题的任何部分,我都希望自己尽量不预设立场,不做事先判断。虽然这几乎不可能。

这也是我为什么非常喜欢张大春,他的小说,他的中文造诣和外语造诣自不必说,以他每日收听率非常高的广播节目 来说,每周二四请专家谈科学技术进展,谈交通、法律。这是什么格局和视野。

还是圣经里的那句话:

心无知识的乃为不善,脚步急快的难免犯罪

November 5, 2009

垃圾焚烧笔记(3)

Filed under: 未分类 — 小潘 @ 10:09 am

用firefox看吧。IE看不到。

先转一篇文。很喜欢张大春在台湾《苹果日报》每周的时评专栏。恰好这篇放在这儿有点意思。

<果然有話>活該他吃牛肉(張大春)

20091027蘋果日報  http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/32045930/IssueID/20091027 (戴tor前往)

開放美國進口牛肉究竟會讓民眾增加多少罹患庫賈氏症(人類狂牛症)的風險?這是一個機率問題?還是一個政策責任問題?是一個數學問題?還是一個當政者的權力道德問題?

行 政院衛生署回覆消基會對美國進口牛肉的質疑時是這麼說的:「國家研究院今年一月的研究指出,每人每天如果吃一個巴掌大、厚約0.5公分的帶骨牛肉,從出生 吃到80歲,其罹患『新型庫賈氏症』的風險低於百億分之一;如果每天吃134克、也是巴掌大、厚約0.60.7公分的內臟,則其罹患『新型庫賈氏症』的 風險低於百億分之1.5。」
照這個比例看,地球上的人類應該從未罹患過庫賈氏症。而已經確診為庫賈氏症患者的人若非罹患的是其他病症,就是與過去十七年來國際間繪聲繪影、 風聲鶴唳的狂牛恐慌概無關係。總的看來,衛生署希望讓民眾相信的不外兩端:在開放美國牛肉進口之前,民眾應該相信食用本地牛肉是安全的;在開放美國牛肉進 口之後,民眾應該相信食用美國牛肉也是安全的。真是他媽的一塊福地!

玩弄戲法欺瞞民眾

的 確,台灣地區從未發現過由食用牛肉而發生的狂牛症病例,而所通報的新型庫賈氏症又沒有確鑿的、因食用牛肉而致病的證據,於是行政院農業委員會當然可以夸夸 其談地宣稱:民眾不宜過度恐慌。但是,衛生署卻不敢告知社會大眾:為什麼國家研究院的這個統計數字和我們已經具備的最基本的常識是相違背的。
以國家研究院的數字遊戲為骨幹所形成的這份說帖有真正的理據嗎?老實說:沒有。它 支持點就是賈庫氏症的潛伏期可以長達十年到數十年,當一種已經被醫界辨認出來的突變性蛋白質(普利昂蛋白質)導致海綿狀腦病變,引發大腦空洞化的症狀慢慢 明顯,而患者也即將(通常是在一年以內)死亡的時候,誰能夠提出足夠有力的證據說明:這是在十幾二十或是二十幾三十年前,患者吃過的哪一塊牛肉、牛迴腸、 牛扁桃腺所致呢?
正因為目前還沒有診斷上的實證,迫於國際貿易談判壓力的馬政府就有足夠的空間可以大肆玩弄欺瞞民眾的戲法,甚至還能夠出之以義正 辭嚴之教訓:終爾一生,日日食牛肉牛雜,罹病之可能也只有「百億分之一」、「百億分之1.5」,這分母、分子之間的巨大數差就成了國人「應該相信無危險」 的安全瓣;對美國(或是世界上任何狂牛疫區之國)試圖進口牛肉到台灣的抗拒都出於一種無視於「客觀數字」的恐慌。然而,政府有義務告訴國人實話應該是: 「新型庫賈氏症雖然是一種可怕的病,無法逆轉,不能治癒,且無從推證病源!不過,等你罹患了這病之後,也沒有百億分之一的機會證明是我開放進口的哪一塊牛 肉讓你變成這樣的。」
數十年來,國民黨每於社會認知出現重大歧異之時指責持異議之對手或群眾「不理性」。表面上看,以為「百億分之一」、「百億分之1.5」為多麼高的機率確乎不理性,但是不負責任的政府假「不理性」為詞而無視於「恐慌」之本質,就只能禍國殃民了。

作者為作家

还有长平的这篇

焚烧垃圾,政府功课先达标

番 禺垃圾焚烧发电厂和陕西的“周老虎”完全不一样,它有一定的讨论基础。遗憾的是,政府组织的项目通报会之后,很多人都想到了“周老虎”。原因是政府请来的 几位专家,都被网民搜索出还身兼“商家”,与这个项目有利益关联的嫌疑。在我看来,政府部门的诚信,正是此类事件的本质问题。

垃圾处理本身是一个技术问题,烧还是不烧,到哪里去烧,如何烧,烧前烧后该做什么,都需要相当专业的知识。在分工细化的现代社会中,没有人可以成为百科全书,刚刚研究完PX的毒害,又要弄清二噁英有多么致癌,还要去考察一下城市规划……当然不行,怎么办呢,花钱请人来做——政府就是最大的代理,中国政府更客气地自称“公仆”。

尽 管政府的形成历史比较复杂,但是其现代合法性都归结到这一点上,也就是由民众选举产生并纳税供养,为民众办事并接受民众监督。因此,当我看到身边的朋友都 在恶补化学、环境和城建知识,跟政府请来的专家辩论二噁英的毒害和垃圾焚烧发电厂的技术问题时,我的第一个反应是,政府既然不能做到让人信任,就应该把我 们交纳的税金退回来。

政 府似乎并没有反思这个代理关系,而力图把矛盾归结为技术问题,害得很多普通民众也陷入那些一知半解的专业知识中去。政府请来的专家说垃圾焚烧在国际上已经 有了相当先进的技术,人家的焚烧发电厂也建在生活区内,本来未必是谎言,但是由于其身份存疑,可信度大打折扣,也足以看出程序的重要。要知道政府官员也并 不是百科全书,在处理公共议题时,程序就是公平正义的全部保证。

因此我就很不明白, 2006年就确定选址在番禺大石会江村与钟村镇谢村的项目,为什么到了2009年才广为人知?这三年来的行政成本有多少,应该由谁来负责?番禺政府应该感谢周边居民觉悟得早,否则像江苏吴江那样,垃圾焚烧发电厂几近建成,才引发了周边居民的抗议,被迫停下,3亿元投资不知道该谁埋单。我更不明白的是,在此之前,选址是在石基镇凌边村,2004年因为遭到当地居民的坚决抵制而作罢,那么当时是否进行了充分的报道和讨论?如果当时这个过程已经公开进行了,新的选址就不用重复同样的故事了。

尤 其令人不能容忍的是,在该项目环评尚未通过、开工未获许可的情况下,广州市政府在今年初就发布了一道措辞强硬的建设通告,宣布“违反本通告,拒绝、阻碍国 家工作人员依法执行职务的,由公安机关依照有关治安管理处罚的法律、法规规定处理;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。”一件涉及到公共利益和健康的大事,对 于公众参与竟然采用恫吓的办法,事先堵住理性的渠道,预埋了公众只能以较为激烈的方式发表意见的后果。要想恢复理性对话,政府应该先撤销这则通告并赔礼道 歉。

再 回到技术问题,政府不仅需要在这一个项目上说服公众(而不是公众用专业知识来说服政府),而且需要对此前的李坑项目作出交代。那也是采用国际先进技术建造 而成,为什么如今在几里地外还能闻到恶臭?其污染控制实际效果如何?如果那就是达标,番禺居民拒绝它理所当然;如果没有达标,原因是什么,如何修复,如何 避免重犯,谁来承担责任?

考虑到政府诚信和管理能力在民众中所获得的信任度,垃圾焚烧厂建在哪里都会遭到反对。为了不导致沉默的弱势人群吃亏,针对可能承受的心理压力、健康危害和房价贬值,政府应该事先制定补偿方案,并确定相应的谈判机制。

技术不过是冷冰冰的工具,而且往往还是一把双刃剑。上述问题得不到解决,国际上再先进的技术都跟我们的生活没有关系,甚至拿过来适得其反。

November 3, 2009

垃圾焚烧笔记(2)

Filed under: 未分类 — 小潘 @ 9:16 pm

跟1隔的有点久。先说一下我的大体思路。

说之前想起一个可以提一提,早晨吃饭家里习惯看中央一台的新闻,前天还是昨天还真看见一条是广州垃圾回收的事。我想跟最近这事儿也有关系。下面接着说正事。

环境问题,涉及的方面很多,是个很复杂的问题,单说一个技术行还是不行,一棒子打死,这就跟当年臭资本主义、市场经济什么的一样:不见得能解决问 题,因为问题还是在那儿;一棒子打死也可能打死不少好人,还很有可能伤到自己。有些东西不是不该批评和反对,但是得找准方向,别抡错了。还有就是保护环境是件很复杂的学问,出 发点也许不坏,但是没有知识没有耐心很容易办坏事;维权也是很复杂的学问,人多声音大也不一定不脆弱。

1.技术上,二恶英等等

技术上怎么回事,可不可行,什么条件下可以行,我不认同的是从技术上去否定它,因为这种说法可能是一厢情愿,直觉判断,而直觉判断很可能是错的。说二恶英有剧毒,致癌,提到越战的事,这能不能比较,是个问题,任何有毒物质也要看在什么数量级上。报道里面说越战撒的每公斤2毫克二恶英的橙剂,它的密度应该跟水近似,至少在一个数量级上,以水的密度来算就可以,那1公斤就是1升,相当于2毫克/升,也就是2克/立方米。而我国<生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准>规定是1纳克/立方米,而根据2008年最新的通知规定(附件里),限值是0.1纳克/立方米(欧盟标准)。1克等于10的9次方纳克,也就是说橙剂的浓度是最新规定限制的100亿倍。所以这两个没什么可比的。 <!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-alt:SimSun; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} @font-face {font-family:”\@宋体”; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-pagination:none; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:42.55pt; mso-footer-margin:49.6pt; mso-paper-source:0; layout-grid:15.6pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –>

更改:我这样比较也有问题,橙剂是液体溶剂,浓度是溶液浓度,而在空气中的二恶英浓度是空气浓度。两个区别还是很大。能不能将毒性做个比较我再查查二恶英的毒性和传播看。

以二恶英为重点是不是找准靶子了,我也不肯定。因为二恶英的问题基本上是老一代的焚烧炉的毛病,新的技术这个问题已经解决得很多了。抄一段从维基百科上的话:

”In 2005, The Ministry of the Environment of Germany, where there were 66 incinerators at that time, estimated that “…whereas in 1990 one third of all dioxin emissions in Germany came from incineration plants, for the year 2000 the figure was less than 1 %. Chimneys and tiled stoves in private households alone discharge approximately twenty times more dioxin into the environment than incineration plants.”[12]. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, incineration plants are no longer significant sources of dioxins and furans. In 1987, before the governmental regulations required the use of emission controls, there was a total of 10,000 grams (350 oz) of dioxin emissions from U.S. incinerators. Today, the total emissions from the 87 plants are only 10 grams (0.35 oz) yearly, a reduction of 99.9 %. Backyard barrel burning of household and garden wastes, still allowed in some rural areas, generates 580 grams (20 oz) of dioxins yearly. Studies conducted by EPA[14] demonstrate that the emissions from just one family using a burn barrel produces more emissions than an incineration plant disposing of 200 metric tons (220 short tons) of waste per day.“

12. Waste incineration a potential danger: bidding farewell to dioxin spouting, Report by Germany’s Ministry of the Environment

14. Evaluation of Emissions from the Burning of Household Waste in Barrels, EPA November 1997

简单翻译一下,意思就是说

德国的官方数据,在90年代,1/3的二恶英来自焚烧厂,2000年时已经不足1%。而家庭的烟囱和炉子排放的二恶英是焚烧厂的20倍。

美国的官方数据,1987年,在政府出台排放控制的规定前,每年焚烧厂的排放量在10,000克,现在每年87个焚烧厂的排放是10克,私人在乡下后院烧一桶垃圾产生的二恶英量要高于一个垃圾焚烧厂烧200吨垃圾产生的量。

所以具体批评,最好不好说:这东西是剧毒,这东西致癌。最好还是有数据,数据可以骗人,但骗不了聪明人。

2.环境技术之外的环节,垃圾处理,回收

当然,可以进一步说,我们执行怎么样,垃圾的问题怎么样,达不到标准,还是会排放很多的二恶英。垃圾含水量高能不能解决,是技术问题,执行和监督, 涉及到管理,不敢保证管理水平多么高,但是那么多工业制造业的管理水平、技术水平国内都能做到,这个事情落实到细则也好多可以进步的吧。一个一个问题仔细 的抠,才有意思。到了应用和实施,又涉及政治、管理的问题,涉及到钱,经济的问题,谁投资,谁运行,什么利益关系,靠什么维持运行。这些都可以讨论,也都 应该研究。

关于垃圾,垃圾焚烧,垃圾回收之间的关系,打个比方说,治病用药还是做手术,手术没有万无一失的,用药没有无副作用的。但是能不能就不做手术不用药 了,得看是什么病,手术风险大不大,药的副作用强不 强,还得看有家里有没有钱,家属同不同意,医院有没有条件做这个手术。你不能在这时嚷嚷,怪病人没照顾好自己,没做好预防保健养生。如果是关系生死的病, 嚷 嚷也没意义,只能家人接受教训注意自己;如果不是关系生死的,平时注意注意就能不犯病,那咱们出院就把保健养生都用上。垃圾就是这个比喻里面的病,垃圾焚 烧就算是 一种治病的药,垃圾回收就是平时的预防保健。垃圾这个病,应该说靠预防保健能好一半,像日本德国这样的国家,能好一大半,剩下一小半,没别的招,还是得处 理,吃药,目前全世界得这种病的人用药情况,垃圾焚烧算是一种好药。当然有副作用,所以不能随便吃,得遵医嘱,药非常贵,所以咱们穷人必须得做好保健预防着点。举这个例子也就是想说明,垃圾焚烧和垃圾回收是什么关系,垃圾回收非常重要,但不能拿它当反对垃圾焚烧的武器。

3. 环境运动相关

我觉着媒体要是有心做,关心的团体如果有心关心,能不能研究一下国内的垃圾这个行业,有关垃圾的制造、回收、处理,都是什么垃圾,多大的量,都怎么 处理,用什么方法处理,各种方法比较一下,存在什么问题;回收,谁在回收,回收什么,怎么个干法。也别光讲国外垃圾分类怎么做的,咱们究竟是个什么现状,我们回收的效率真的很低吗?别忘了有“看不见的“拾荒和回收业大军啊。还有为什么各地都开始要建焚烧厂,难道真的只是为了让国外的焚烧厂商挣钱吗?

在居民区附近建垃圾焚烧厂,居民一定有意见,担心污染危害健康和环境是一个,由这个担心而产生的影响当地居住环境的声誉、房价再进而影响居民区的居民质量状况()是另一个,担心的的确 有理。可是也得把自己的事和环保的事分清楚。维护自己的权益是正当的,但不一定得拿着污染环境的大旗,因为人家可以反过来说这是保护整个大城市环境的虎皮(最近看柏林墙的资料有一个感觉,为什么20年前人家就成了,人家没嚷嚷为国家着想什么,怎么改革,当然也有,但最主要的就是要个人的自由旅行权,最终 的出口也是在旅行自由上)。

说到环境运动的问题。这事儿也非常有意思。我又去番禹业主论坛看了看,一时说不好。中国的情况又跟国外的挺不同的,我得再看一点相关的资料和案 例。隐约印象上海人做这些事经验挺多。但我觉着业主们要维权,重点不是这个项目是不是有污染这种专业技术层面(当然如果能拿出有效的论据论证也是好的),而 是这个项目批准的合法性,比如过程中的公共参与,有没有(所有法规是有规定的,这个规定(附件里)有,《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》 也有),又比如规定中对垃圾分类和运输的要求是否能做到,还有 “ (1)城市建成区;  (2)环境质量不能达到要求且无有效削减措施的区域;   (3)可能造成敏感区环境保护目标不能达到相应标准要求的区域。”不能建垃圾焚烧厂,是否可以把自己划到和这三个条件相关的区域里,还有,可以针对跟居民 区的距离做文章,300米到底距离近不近,找国外的例子也行啊(这个我还没找过,也还拿不出来)。总之,没有法律手段搞群众运动是可以理解,有法律手段时 为什么不请律师请专家找找相关法规规定找找碴。

4. 其它想到的

再有,我国的垃圾问题是个非常严峻的问题,那些住在垃圾填埋厂(面积可大多啦,而且一定不在市区,郊区或近农村)附近的居民 呢,每天扒垃圾包括工业垃圾有害垃圾的拾荒大军呢,对他们危害小吗?要保存自己,把问题轻易转移给更弱势的更沉默的人吗?另一方面,不论如何,垃圾养活了 多少人口,拾荒大军,回收业者,虽然以他们的健康为代价–但是跟我国在工厂工作的农民工情况是类似的,这个经济养活了非常多的人,也有一个非常大的,全 球的市场,国外很多垃圾回收了处理不了,也是运到中国来人工分拣处理,再用,这有篇相关的报道。 靠着拾荒、回收业这样的分拣,分类效率可能不低(我只是猜测,如果能调查一下,再看,再说),虽然不卖钱的可能就不被分拣了,这是个问题(但也是可以解决的,经济 操作上给本来不卖钱的附上值)。还有如果真按照国外,把回收的事儿由政府来主导做,是不是适合中国的国情,拾荒者和回收业者可以纳入吗,怎么纳入。还有这 个国家的人连排队、上公厕完了要冲水和遵守交通法规都学不会,垃圾分类能做得到吗。当然,这都是可以讨论的,大家都是可以进步的。只是感觉有些方法在我国可能比较容易行得通,有些不行。

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